What is the term for items that represent other things?

Bonnie goes to a university in which there are only a handful of teachers of color and majority of students are White Americans

Because of such demographic characteristic of the school, talking about "race" is almost a taboo for both teachers and students, and students of color and teachers of color feel marginalized in the school. Bonnie's school seems to have negative diversity climate. Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Explain the following statement: "A persuasive speaker should think of her or his speech as a kind of mental dialogue with the audience."

What will be an ideal response?