Which composition is based on a falling half-step motive, an interval used throughout the history of music to denote

pain and suffering?

a. Haydn’s Quartet Op. 73, No. 3, the “Emperor”
b. Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5
c. Mozart’s Don Giovanni
d. Beethoven’s Pathétique Sonata
e. Mozart’s Symphony No. 40

ANSWER: e