Describe the five major speech elements that create opportunities for the speaker.

What will be an ideal response?

- Invention is the generation of materials for the speech. You produce (or "invent," to use the rhetorical term) these materials through a combination of analysis, research, and judgment.
- Arrangement is the structuring of ideas and materials in the speech. This includes the organization of materials for each main idea, the ordering and connecting of main ideas within the body of the speech, and the overall structure of the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
- Style is the distinctive character that may make a speech recognizable or memorable. Style is achieved primarily through language, and it reflects the speaker's awareness of how language can be used both to "show" and to "tell"-both to evoke emotions and to convey descriptive meaning.
- Delivery is the presentation of the speech. Whereas the preceding activities are performed by the speaker alone, delivery involves actually sharing the message with the audience. Skillful delivery involves the effective use of voice, gesture, facial expression, physical movement, and visual aids.
- Memory was an extremely important category of skills at a time when most speeches were memorized. Today, however, most speakers use either extemporaneous presentation (referring to an outline) or manuscript presentation (reading a written script). Even so, some dimensions of memory are still very important- for example, keeping track of main ideas, phrasing ideas so that listeners will remember them, and precisely wording an effective introduction and conclusion. Memory skills also are critical in rehearsing your speech mentally and in practicing it aloud before presentation.