In earlier editions of the DSM, people who suffered from alcoholism and substance abuse were lumped into a diagnostic category called sociopathic personality disorder. This diagnosis was the precursor to what is now called ________ personality disorder.

When Ayanna passes a class, she thinks her success is due to her hard work. When she fails a class, she thinks her failure is due to a lack of hard work. These perceptions reflect a sense of ____ and make it ____ likely that Ayanna will get sick

a. self-efficacy? less b. optimism? more c. pessimism? more d. control? less

Which of the following is the biggest reason that employees miss work?

a. Illness b. Stress c. Personal needs d. Family issues