Personal income taxes and transfer payments are examples of automatic stabilizers.

Engerman's (1971) studies of the Civil War (1861–1865)'s impact on industrialization

(a) support the previous work of Hacker and Beard. (b) showed that the War sped up the ongoing processes of industrialization. (c) showed that the War effort slowed down industrialization. (d) restricted the real cost of the War to the South.

The 19th century frontier, as technically defined in census reports, was any area

a. west of the Appalachian Mountains. b. containing more than two and less than six people per square mile. c. without a sheriff and recognized local government. d. that had not been surveyed according to provisions of the Land Ordinance of 1785.