Which term do economists use to refer to a difference in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics of different jobs?

The Shipbreakers of Alang arouse the ire of Greenpeace because of

A) India's non-repentant nuclear stance. B) India's import-competing industrialization policies. C) the difficulty of avoiding ship accidents between Greenpeace's sailboat and the reconstructed Container ships of Alang. D) the large amount of pollution associated with the operations at Alang. E) their competition with capital-intensive industries.

Globalization of resource markets has resulted in the business practice of offshoring, which involves:

A. Only an outflow of jobs away from the U.S. B. No possible expansion of jobs in the U.S. C. Huge losses to consumers in the U.S. D. Both an outflow as well as an inflow of jobs in the U.S.