When researchers use past research to findings or their judgment to decide which participants to include in the sample, they are using

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Scientists should keep their research covert so as to protect their ideas from plagiarism. b. It is a waste of time and money to replicate a study that has already been done. c. Disclosure of the details of a study is important so that others can verify them. d. Peer reviews take place after research findings are announced publicly.

When he visits Japan, Anton does not remove his shoes upon entering the house, as do his Japanese hosts. Anton cannot understand why his hosts are no longer friendly. What did Anton do??

a. ?He used the wrong reference group. b. ?He experienced a social dilemma. c. ?He did not demonstrate openness. d. ?He violated a Japanese social norm.