Even if the population declines, scarcity will still exist

Why were the U.S. government budget deficits of the 1980s and early 1990s so unusual from a historical point of view?

A) It was the first time the U.S. government had ever run deficits. B) In the past, deficits were usually that large only in wartime. C) It was the first time that deficits were accompanied by very high rates of inflation. D) It was the first time that deficits diverted funds from other productive uses, such as investment in modern equipment.

Which of the following best illustrates the use of discretionary fiscal policy?

a. Congress providing $1 billion in relief aid for hurricane victims b. Congress appropriating $400 million to help the needy and the appropriation being financed by a tax on wealth c. Income tax receipts being smaller because of a decline in real GDP during a recession d. The Federal Reserve tightening credit when it receives news of accelerating inflation e. Congress passing a bill authorizing $2 billion in additional spending when it receives news of a deepening recession