A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation?

DZ twinning occurs more often among

A) younger mothers. B) Asians. C) Caucasians. D) Africans.

In an experiment, children with a history of physical abuse spotted angry faces more quickly than neglected or non-maltreated children. This is thought to occur because

a. abused children are more alert than non-abused children. b. abused children have advanced perception of emotions. c. abused children have learned to detect anger from the caregiver as quickly as possible as a coping strategy. d. abused children have impaired emotional perception.