Main points should be in an organizational pattern, but subpoints do not need to be arranged into a set pattern.

In her speech advocating volunteering, Penny remarked, "By volunteering you get a chance to become more than a spectator in your city; you gain a sense of community spirit and start to see yourself as part of a community of neighbors and friends."

Penny has made a motivational appeal based primarily on the need for __________. a) belonging b) safety c) self-actualization d) self-esteem

He exposed corruption in the cities, which culminated in the book Shame of the Cities::

a) Lincoln Steffens; b) Ida Tarbell; c) David Graham Phillips; d) Upton Sinclair; e) Theodore Roosevelt