After suffering a sexual assault, Kathy feels a psychic numbness, she has some memory and sleep problems, and she has difficulty concentrating. Kathy is most likely suffering from

Whitney tells her friend Jan that she can wear the extra jacket that she keeps in her car. Whitney hands Jan her keys and heads off to class. Jan heads to Whitney's car with the set of eight keys. She looks at the keys, noting that two are too small to be car keys, and then she looks for any key that might have a symbol associated with a particular car. She finds two keys that have a shape on them like the hood ornament on Whitney's car. So, these will be the only two keys of the eight that she will try. To solve this "key" problem, Jan used

a. functional fixedness b. an algorithm c. a heuristic d. a random search strategy

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory most directly suggests that ____

a. fraternity "hazing" is an effective way to promote group loyalty b. most people engage in social loafing c. twelve-person juries are likely to come up with different verdicts than are juries with four or fewer people d. most people look to others when deciding how to behave in a group context