A research study reports that participants who scored high on a new test measuring self-esteem made eye contact during an interview whereas participants who scored low on the test avoided eye contact. Assuming that more eye contact is associated with higher self-esteem, this study is a demonstration of ____ validity

Suppose that a group of researchers would like to explore how we perceive objects in the real world, rather than just in a laboratory. This approach emphasizes

a. a well-controlled design. b. the viewer-centered approach. c. holistic recognition. d. ecological validity.

Your friend writes to tell you that her 18-month-old baby, whom you have never seen, has not yet uttered a recognizable word. What are the possible explanations for this?

What will be an ideal response?