The preemption of state and local laws is based on which clause of the U.S. Constitution?

Dillon's Rule states that all local government must be authorized by which of the following?

a. the federal government b. both the federal and state governments c. the state government d. the people

Peaceful violations of the law that dramatize injustice are called

A) affirmative action. B) suspect classification. C) civil disobedience. D) state action doctrine. E) a black code.