_____ keeps a message from being understood and achieving its intended effect.

The Journal of the American Medical Association reported that at least 11 percent of articles in top U.S. medical journals ________

A) are ghostwritten B) use improper grammar and English C) are potentially biased by corporate interests D) A and B E) A and C

Discriminative listening involves

a. listening to persuasive messages b. listening therapeutically c. listening to the power and beauty of words and images d. listening to be informed