Pass laws
a. required all Africans, at all times, to carry internal passports in which were stamped the permits required for them to travel between the countryside and cities.
b. required that all Africans had to formally decline, or "pass," to vote in national elections.
c. were the only form of influx control used during the apartheid era.
d. were supported by the South African Communist Party as a means of gaining electoral support from Whites.
e. were kept in place until the end of apartheid.
a
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