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Which leader is portrayed in this miniature?

One of Peter Abelard's greatest intellectual accomplishments was to

A. divorce scholarship from church teachings. B. champion a moderate realism that held that the "universals" existed, but only as mental concepts and devices. C. undermine the Aristotelian ideas that had dominated learning in the earlier Middle Ages. D. create a convincing argument for an extreme realism that completely rejected universals.

The dramatic text that composers set to music in an opera, oratorio, or cantata is called:

a. toccata b. libretto c. monody d. arioso e. ostinato