If a straight line passes through the point x = 12 and y = 4 and also through the point x = 4 and y = 8, the slope of this line is

The lower the amount of unemployment benefits citizens receive, the

A) higher the wage people must be offered before they accept a job. B) the longer people search for jobs. C) higher the opportunity cost of job search. D) the higher the natural unemployment rate. E) lower the opportunity cost of job search.

In contrast to the need for legal enforcement under a system of direct controls, a taxes approach

a. is subject to greater uncertainty of payment of fees. b. makes taxes automatic and certain. c. speeds the prosecution and conviction process. d. does not actually reduce pollution, merely the cost of monitoring it.