Which of the following makes a single pass on data and generates a 128-bit hash value displayed as a 32-character hexadecimal number and is used in VPNs?

A(n) ________ should be performed before subtotaling data

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Windows 10 is continuously improved as if it were a service the user has subscribed to. This operating system update strategy is commonly referred to as _________________________.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).