The labels "first past the post" and "winner take all" apply to the voting rules used by _____ systems

During the early nineteenth century, liberty and equality

A) were thought to be reinforcing principles. B) were thought to be opposite principles that would divide the nation. C) ensured that those at a disadvantage economically would still be assisted by the government. D) ensured that all Americans could succeed in the marketplace. E) were not to be found.

There is a common assumption about pluralist politics that government programs emerge in response to interest group demands.

a. This assumption has been shown to be true with respect to all the post–New Deal programs. b. Although in reality, interests and interest groups arise in defense of government programs. c. This is true with the exception of those groups narrowly tailored to business interests. d. Although in reality, interests and interest groups are not connected to government programs in any meaningful way.