For which one of the following goods would we need to sum individual demand curves vertically to obtain the total demand curve?

During the 2000s, the Federal government's deficit rose because of

a. large tax cut in 2001 and 2004.. b. large increases in government spending. c. increases in both the cyclical and structural deficits. d. a recession in 2001. e. all of the above.

The linkages of the interest-rate-based transmission mechanism of monetary policy are summarized as follows:

A) change in the money supply ? change in speculative balances ? change in transactions balances ? change in planned investment ? change in aggregate demand. B) change in the money supply ? change in planned investment ? change in government spending ? change in aggregate demand. C) change in the money supply ? change in interest rates ? change in planned investment ? change in aggregate demand. D) change in the money supply ? change in interest rates ? change in transactions balances ? change in government spending ? change in aggregate demand.