Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?
a. Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection
b. Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify
c. Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another
d. Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problem
a
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The indirect-access route in reading emphasizes that
a. readers can recognize a word directly from the printed word. b. readers can access semantic memory through either the visual route or through the sound route. c. readers translate a printed word into sound before they can locate information about its meaning. d. readers with reading problems try to sound out each word before they recognize it; people without reading problems do not sound out the words.
A child's understanding that gender stays the same even if a person acts like a member of the other sex is termed
A) gender identification. B) gender bending. C) gender equality. D) gender constancy.