A friend has asked you to describe the difference between "genotype" and "phenotype.". Based upon the material in Chapter Two of the textbook, how would you describe the difference?
What will be an ideal response?
Genotype refers to the genetic material that is received from one's parents.
Characteristics such as blood type and eye color, for example, are determined by our
genotype. Genotype determines a range in which we might develop. It might, for
example, determine how intelligent we could become. But genotype alone does not
determine who or what we become. Our phenotype refers to how our characteristics
are expressed. Someone might, for example, have the potential to grow quite tall. But
the environment and other forces, such as nutrition, may influence how much of that
genotype potential for height is realized. Phenotypes, then, are the product of both
genetic and environmental influences.
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One of the criteria used to define abnormal behavior is emotional distress. For a behavior to be considered emotionally distressing it must:
a. cause the individual to experience great despair and unhappiness b. occur infrequently among the members of a population c. violate the accepted standards of society d. prevent the individual from functioning well in typical daily activities
In one study, teachers whose students performed well attributed the outcome to their teaching ability and teachers whose students performed poorly attributed the outcome to student inability. This represents the:
a. self-serving bias b. attribution style c. situational attribution d. locus of control