Policy change refers to modification of policies after evaluation

In a longitudinal study, Benjamin Page and Robert Shapiro studied public opinion by reviewing decades of poll data. Which of the following is a finding of their study?

A) Over the long haul, public opinion is very unstable. B) Changes in public opinion are not logical. C) Public opinion generally reflects a lackluster or lazy attitude among many voters. D) Decades of poll data show a pattern of sensibility and rationality on the part of public opinion. E) Public opinion polls show a lack of understanding on the issues.

The assumption behind the doctrine of __________ is that states can protect their citizens from unconstitutional laws because citizens are simultaneously citizens of states and of the United States

a. secession b. dual federalism c. the compact theory of union d. interposition