What lessons can we draw from President Obama’s 2008 and 2012 campaigns about voter turnout?
a. The most effective way to get large numbers of voters to the polls is television advertising.
b. Sending a handwritten letter to every potential voter is a powerful tool to encourage people to vote.
c. Even spending large amounts of money on mobilization efforts has a very small effect on campaign outcomes.
d. Massive and effective turnout efforts by candidates and parties can get potentially free-riding supporters to the polls.
d. Massive and effective turnout efforts by candidates and parties can get potentially free-riding supporters to the polls.
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Chubb and Moe argue that by introducing ______ in education, the energy, innovation, and initiative of those who teach and run schools will be unleashed, freed from a stifling and unresponsive bureaucracy.
a. political power b. federal authority c. market forces d. local leadership
Citizens’ feelings of effectiveness in political affairs is called ______.
a. political efficacy b. good feelings c. power d. legitimacy e. system stability