In research that is described in the textbook, participants tried to learn lists of letters under two conditions. In one condition, each pair of letters was separated by two digits that had to be read. In the other condition,
the first pair had four digits and the last pair had zero digits. The researchers found
a. poorer memory for the early items on the list when those items had been made more separate.
b. better memory for the items on the list with proportional spacing.
c. that the recency effect arose because the last few items are not very distinctive.
d. that making items distinctive made little difference in the performance of the participants.
Answer: b. better memory for the items on the list with proportional spacing.
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Which best summarizes the views of the authors of the text about the placebo effect?
a. The placebo effect is itself a treatmentâ€"one that heals psychologically. b. Using the placebo effect in psychotherapy would be considered unethical. c. The placebo effect is benign, but never effective. d. The placebo effect is a dangerous interference with the process of psychotherapy.
Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,
A) personality disorders are found on Axis III. B) multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed. C) personality disorders develop gradually. D) those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress.