Learned behavior does not include changes that come about simply because of physical maturation

________ punishment involves the ________ of an aversive stimulus

a. Negative; removal b. Conditioned; application c. Negative; application d. Positive; application e. Positive; removal

Which infant is the most likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff?

A) Robert, who just started crawling B) Ana, who has been crawling for 2 weeks C) Monique, who has been crawling for a month D) James, who has been crawling for 3 months