To minimize problems in repeated-measures designs that can result from systematic differences between successive measurements, a researcher should use a method called

The goal in dealing with child maltreatment is to

decide if legal action is needed. provide family counseling. restore children's health. stop it before it begins.

A longitudinal sample of adults is followed over 30 years. All of the following findings are hypothesized EXCEPT _________

a. the average IQ of the whole group remains the same b. no decline in cognitive functioning occurs c. decline occurs, but it is not extreme d. adults compensate for declines