A tradable permit is an example of command-and-control regulation

According to research by Richard Sylla and John James on western farm mortgage rates,

a. real rates were lower than rates charged to eastern manufacturers. b. relatively high real rates were due to the monopoly power of eastern financiers. c. relatively high rates reflected high lending risks associated with agricultural loans. d. Farmers' nominal rates were high, but real rates were actually less than those charged for most loans.

Suppose that Rosa is considering migration to another country. To move, she will have to spend $5000 on transportation and $4000 in application and other processing fees. Rosa's stream of future earnings in her home country is $500,000. She expects to earn a stream of future earnings of $800,000 in another country. Based on this information, Rosa's implicit cost of migrating is:

A. $9,000 B. $500,000 C. $509,000 D. $5,000