What is an instance, and how is it used?
What will be an ideal response?
Instances are sometimes associated with counters. They exist when there are different elements to monitor, such as individual processes when you use the Process object or when a process contains multiple threads or runs subprocesses under it for the Thread object. Other examples are when it is possible to monitor two or more disks or multiple processors. In many cases, each instance is identified by a unique number for ease of monitoring.
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Suppose R1 is covered by 350 positive examples and 150 negative ex- amples, while R2 is covered by 300 positive examples and 50 negative examples. Compute the FOIL’s information gain for the rule R2 with respect to R1.
The RIPPER algorithm (by Cohen [1]) is an extension of an earlier algorithm
called IREP (by F ?urnkranz and Widmer [3]). Both algorithms apply the
reduced-error pruning method to determine whether a rule needs to be
pruned. The reduced error pruning method uses a validation set to estimate
the generalization error of a classifier. Consider the following pair of rules:
R2 is obtained by adding a new conjunct, B, to the left-hand side of R1. For
this question, you will be asked to determine whether R2 is preferred over
R1 from the perspectives of rule-growing and rule-pruning. To determine
whether a rule should be pruned, IREP computes the following measure:
where P is the total number of positive examples in the validation set, N is
the total number of negative exampl
Two tools used by programmers to design programs before writing actual code are __________ and __________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word