Psychological disorders characterized by chronic patterns of behavior that lead to significant impairments in social functioning are classified as:

What can we conclude about the use of imagery to improve memory?

a. Imagery seems to be involved only in retrieval, rather than in encoding. b. In general, people recall only 10% more if the instructions emphasize imagery, instead of simple repetition. c. Compared to repetition instructions, imagery instructions produce much better recall. d. Imagery is helpful on recognition tasks, but not on recall tasks.

Research indicates suggest that the advent of __________ contributes to the end of infantile amnesia

A) an autobiographical memory B) a clear self-image C) object permanence D) mnemonic strategies