Dr. Sandford indicates the frequencies of his data using vertical bars. Dr. Sandford is constructing a

Implicit memories

a) require conscious awareness for encoding and recalling. b) do not entail the automatically conscious experience of thinking or remembering. c) are implicit, intrusive, often repetitive, and triggered by anything in the current environment. d) cause high arousal states because an increase in stress hormones.

Seeking out consistencies in the personalities, backgrounds, and behaviors of offenders who commit similar crimes describes what approach to criminal profiling?

A. Distinguishing the evil person B. Extracting specific characteristics C. Personality analysis D. Determining common characteristics