What are some potential problems with manually refilled heated humidifier reservoirs? 1. Cross contamination and infection 2. Variable compliance or delivered volume 3. Delivery of dry and/or hot gases
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
Unfortunately, the use of manually refilled reservoirs requires a momentary interruption of hu-midifier operation and mechanical ventilation. Moreover, because the system must be "opened" for refilling, cross contamination can occur. Water levels in manually filled systems are constantly changing, so that changes in the humidifier fill volume alter the gas compression factor and thus the delivered volume during mechanical ventilation.
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