Although the government incurred sizable deficits for most of the past 25 years, it has managed to stay solvent by borrowing

How can economists be confident that the pill itself is responsible for the increases in female labor force participation?

A. States that legalized the pill earlier also had earlier increases in female labor force participation. B. Starting from 1960, the year the pill was approved for sale, female labor force participation has been rising. C. States that legalized different versions of the pill had different patterns of female labor force participation. D. It seems to be common sense that delaying childbearing would increase labor force participation.

An American firm that buys foreign exchange because its managers expect the dollar to depreciate is

A) increasing the supply of foreign exchange. B) increasing the demand for foreign exchange. C) speculating. D) Both A and B. E) Both B and C.