Who made the following statement: "I am Vice President. In this I am nothing, but I may be everything"?

Extractive economic institutions are ones that:

a. involve extraction of oil and minerals and mining. b. enable political leaders to concentrate power in their own hands. c. grew from European colonization of less developed nations. d. transfer a nation's income and wealth to a small elite.

The design in which a researcher observes current behavior and attempts to relate it causally to earlier factors is a(n)

A) single-group, posttest-only design. B) ad hoc design. C) ex post facto design. D) single-group, pretest-posttest design.