Discrimination is difficult to measure empirically because

a. it is hard to measure and control for differences in marginal productivity.
b. data on racial and gender differences is rarely available.
c. discrimination is practiced by very few employers.
d. economists find no significant wages differentials due to gender or race.

a. it is hard to measure and control for differences in marginal productivity.

Economics

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What will be an ideal response?

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The earnings gap between better- and lesser- educated workers has held steady

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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