Emilio is designing an ad aimed at increasing seat belt use. He decides to incorporate slogans like, "It's great to buckle up!" rather than "35 percent of adults do not regularly wear a seat belt." Emilio is using ________ in this ad

Ryan experiences a very high level of fear when faced with unexpected or threatening stimuli. He is also generally anxious and rather neurotic. According to research by Jeffrey Gray, Ryan is likely to have

a) an overly sensitive behavioral approach system. b) borderline personality disorder. c) an overly sensitive behavioral inhibition system. d) exposed himself excessively to technology such as the Internet and cell phones, which caused a rewiring of his brain.

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement differ in that:

a) Only positive reinforcement results in a subsequent increase in the response b) Only negative reinforcement can be combined with observational learning c) Only positive reinforcement is involved in instrumental learning d) Only negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus