Which of the following is an example of an incomes policy?

Which of the following will lead to an efficient private solution if negative externalities are present in a market?

A) The party having the legal right is taxed. B) The party creating the externality has the legal property right. C) The party suffering from the externality has the legal property right. D) The parties involved negotiate with each other and reach an agreement.

Andy observes that the income distribution between the richest and poorest people in the population has remained fixed for decades. He concludes that the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor. Is this a valid conclusion, or has Andy missed something?