The spokesperson for the politician didn't want to bring attention to his recent lawsuit so she told the crowd of journalists that the politician intended to vote against the upcoming tax hike. This type of inference is known as a(n) __________.

Nonverbal cues can be congruent or incongruent, and act as __________________, providing insight into how you want your verbal messages interpreted

a. nonlinguistic guides b. message consistency checks c. metacommunication d. display rules

Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. A willingness to argue is critical to civic engagement. 2. Arguing can be destructive. 3. Productive argument means letting co-arguers have their say. 4. It is productive to enter arguments assuming that we could be wrong. 5. Argumentation requires that we provide acceptable justifications for our statements.