An effluent fee is imposed on a steel firm to reduce the amount of waste materials that it dumps in a river. Use the following two statements to answer this question:
I. The more easily factors of production can be substituted for one another (for example, capital can be used to reduce waste water), the more effective the fee will be in reducing effluent.
II. The greater the degree of substitution of capital for waste water, the less the firm will have to pay in effluent fees.
A) Both I and II are true.
B) I is true, and II is false.
C) I is false, and II is true.
D) Both I and II are false.
A
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During October and November 2008, gasoline prices were falling dramatically, making travel by car less expensive but air travel prices were as high as ever. What is TRUE about consumer preferences, possibilities, or choices?
A) The relative price of air travel in terms of travelling by car decreases. B) If travelling by car is a normal good, both the substitution and income effects would lead to a decrease in travelling by car. C) The consumers' budget line would shift outward and its slope would not change. D) If air travel is a normal good, both the substitution and income effects would lead to an increase in air travel.
Since 1929, the distribution of money income in the United States has
A) become slightly more unequal. B) not dramatically changed. C) become more equal. D) shifted toward the poorer 20 percent away from the richer 20 percent.