Industrial property includes all of the following uses except:

If consumers can easily recall and recognize a brand element, the brand element is said to be ________

A) meaningful B) protectable C) adaptable D) transferable E) memorable

________ is the extent to which differences in observed scale scores reflect true differences among objects on the characteristic being measured, rather than systematic or random errors

A) Reliability B) Validity C) Effectiveness D) Consistency E) Substantive difference