Some computer-assisted (CAI) programs make use of instructional games involving stories, competition with a partner, sound effects, and game-like graphics that increase interest and motivation. These CAI programs are known as

Ms. Avila is teaching her fourth grade students how to comprehend complex reading passages. First she models the strategies for them and then she expects them to take the lead. For instance, Ms

Avila shows them how to skim the content of the passage, raise questions about its central points, summarize the passage, and lastly to predict what is likely to happen next. This teaching method is known as a. assisted discovery. c. reciprocal teaching. b. cooperative learning. d. the zone of proximal development.

Erik Erikson believed that human development proceeds through a series of planned, biologically programmed stages. He referred to this idea as:

a. maturational selection b. evolution c. the epigenetic principle d. natural selection