Two police officers are at the scene of a traffic accident. After talking to several people, Officer Jones reported the driver who rear-ended the other vehicle was traveling close to 50 mph in a 35 mph zone
Officer Smith, however, disagreed. Based on the people he talked to, the driver was traveling about 38 mph. Their captain asked you to find out how they could disagree so much. You found that Officer Jones asked "how fast was the car moving when it slammed into the other car?" while Officer Smith asked "how fast was the car moving when it bumped into the other car?" and told the captain it was a good example of (the) _________________.
a. misinformation effect c. faulty eyewitness testimony
b. natural variations d. context-dependent effect
Answer: a
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According to the text, gender differences in moral reasoning begin to emerge:
a. in the first year of life b. when children first enter school and have to contend with discipline c. at about age 9 to 12 d. only after they reach the postconventional stage of moral reasoning
Critics of instinctual explanations of aggression are most likely to challenge this theory on which of the following grounds?
a. The instinctual explanation does not explain why some individuals and some human cultures, such as the Arapesh, Senoi, Navajo, and Eskimo show little hostility or aggression. b. The instinctual explanation has little intuitive appeal and is not likely to be popular with the general population. c. The instinctual explanation gives a complex explanation of behavior without fully describing the behavior. d. The instinctual explanation does not explain why lower animals are much more aggressive than humans.