William and Martha are meeting with a marriage counselor. They are having a(n) ________

Joe has always believed that he is lousy at athletics. When he tried to play soccer, he was sure he would not be good at it, and indeed, he was not very adept. This may be a result of the __________

a) self-fulfilling prophecy b) self-serving bias c) primacy–recency effect d) fundamental attribution error

____________ is an expression that substitutes a part for the whole, or a property of something for the thing itself

a. Metaphor b. Simile c. Understatement d. Metonymy