If there are 2 identical firms in a market that choose the quantity they produce, total welfare is the highest when there is a cartel
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
False. A cartel acts like a "virtual" monopoly and thus produces the least output. Output is the greatest if the 2 firms act as a Stackelberg Oligopoly which is therefore preferred.
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Given Keynesian assumptions about the shape of the aggregate supply curve and an economy suffering a recession, which of the following is most likely to occur if the Fed pursues expansionary monetary policy?
A. The equilibrium price level and output will both increase until full employment is reached. B. The equilibrium price level and output will both decrease. C. The equilibrium price level will increase but output will stay the same. D. The equilibrium output will increase but the price level will stay the same until full employment is reached.
Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone found that in the two years following the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970, the sharp reduction in air pollution also led to a decline in infant deaths
Although this and other studies provide compelling evidence of the link between pollution and infant health, it is not clear that reductions from the much lower levels of ambient pollution today would have the same effect. Which of the following reasons could explain this? A) Today, the level of pollution is much higher. Therefore, it will take a much larger reduction in air pollution to reap benefits similar to those in 1970. B) The cost of pollution abatement today is much higher than it was in the 1970s. Thus, it would be far more costly to achieve the same level of benefit today as the benefit achieved in 1970. C) When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution is low. Therefore, it was necessary to significantly reduce air pollution in 1970 before benefits could be realized. Today, when the level of pollution is much lower, such drastic measures are unnecessary. D) When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution also is high. It follows therefore that the benefit of reducing air pollution in 1970 would be much higher than the benefit from a proportional reduction in air pollution today when the level of pollution is much lower.