A consequence that brings about an increase in the frequency of a behavior is a(n) _____; a consequence that decreases the frequency of a behavior is a(n) _____

Sociocultural models of abnormal behavior

a) seek answers in the workings of the brain or body. b) propose that abnormal behavior must be understood within the context of social and cultural forces. c) focus on an individual's learning history. d) incorporate all biological, psychological, and social factors as influences on abnormal behavior.

Assume that you have a friend who is bilingual and is contemplating whether or not to teach her child both English and Spanish. Based on the research, which of the following should be your response?

a. "It is generally not recommended to teach bilingualism, as it is too much for the child to handle. Their brains are just not ready for it." b. "If you want your son to be bilingual, it is recommended that you wait until he is at least 14 to teach the second language. The brain is further developed at a later age." c. "Most of the research for bilingualism is positive. Sometimes children have difficulty with syntax; however, it is better to learn a second language sooner than later." d. "If you teach your child both English and Spanish, his teacher will become frustrated and take it out on his grades. It is generally not recommended."