Your text identifies four situations that often spur misunderstandings due to a lack of information. Discuss each of these four situations

What will be an ideal response?

First, misunderstandings may result from intentional or unintentional suppression
of information to newcomers. When a person enters an organization for the first time, or
begins a new role in her present organization, she often experiences a sense of information
deprivation (Miller & Jablin, 1991). This information deficit can be the result of either
unintentional or intentional circumstances.
Second, misunderstandings can result from an interruption of the chain of communication
owing to physical location. As organizations grow larger, not all members can reside in the
same physical location. As technology advances and organizations become more global,
members are often literally separated by oceans.
Third, misunderstandings can be caused by information gaps resulting from hierarchical or
functional differences. Supervisors are often privy to the "bigger picture" in organizations,
as they are responsible for more aspects of organizational functioning than are the
subordinates.This gap in information can lead to negative feelings, as the supervisor may forget that the
subordinate does not have access to the same information and the overall picture.
Finally, misunderstandings may occur as information cues are removed with the use of
communication technology. As communication media other than face-to-face are employed,
important elements of the communication process are muted or absent. As a result, the
participants are left to fill in the blanks, so to speak, and this lack of information may lead to
misunderstandings.