Psychotherapy, as it is most often used, implies the use of

Jim looks at a glass and says, "You know, Jay, I think that glass is half full!" Jay responds by saying, "Well, Jim, I think that glass is half empty."

This classic dichotomy describes the difference between a pessimist and an optimist. According to the research of Carver and Scheier, which type of individual has a greater level of perceived control and overall health? a. There is no one answer, because for some people pessimism helps them see the world more realistically, which in turn leads to greater perceived control and health. b. People who are pessimists. c. People who are optimists. d. There is no difference because optimism and pessimism are not based in reality, and stress and health are driven by reality. Optimism and pessimism are just ways of distorting our perception of reality.

When researchers use the term continuous change , they are referring to

A) specific, atypical changes in adolescents' environments that occur on a daily basis. B) gradual changes with achievements at one level building on previous levels. C) changes that occur in distinct stages or steps. D) biological and environmental changes that take place continuously over several days.