Dr. Baumgartner wants to study how a group of 4th graders spends time on different daily activities. He asks the children to indicate the amount of time they spend per day watching television, playing video games, and studying. This type of data-gathering technique would be an example of a(n) ________ approach to describing behavior.

Which toddler is likely to have the highest self-esteem when reaching first grade?

a. ?Amber, who is alternately clingy and rejecting toward her mother when she returns from work, though she shows great distress when her mother leaves for the day b. ?Rhonda, who does not show distress when her mother leaves her with a new babysitter and does not immediately approach her mother when she returns c. ?Joshua, who sometimes freezes in place, and at other times, seems confused when his mother returns from errands d. ?Mario, who plays while his mother and the new babysitter chat, cries when his mother leaves him with the babysitter, and then runs over to his mother upon her return

The _____ of an experiment is the extent to which the results can be generalized or applied to situations outside the experimental situation

a. internal validity c. internal reliability b. external validity d. external reliability