A cumulative record shows the total number of responses that have occurred in a given period of time as well as the rate at which they occurred

An imitation treatment that looks or tastes like the real therapy but has none of its key ingredients is:

a.) a confounding variable. b.) considered to be experimental fraud. c.) known as a placebo. d.) controlled by the FDA.

The flocking of birds is more closely related to which concept?

a. Bottom-up b. Top-down