Which of the following is an example of a potential shared, "age-graded" change in adulthood?
a. a loss of fitness (e.g., aerobic capacity) beginning in the 30s and 40s and continuing into old age
b. a decrease in the frequency of contact with siblings between middle age and old age
c. a lower average number of years of education among current 25-year-olds than among current 65-year-olds
d. a lesser susceptibility to disease among current 65-year-olds than among current 30-year-olds
a
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According to Bowlby's theory, the primary development in Stage 2 is that
A) attachment to a specific caregiver emerges. B) infants use caregivers as a safe base to explore. C) infants' fears of strangers become heightened. D) infants understand the motives of their caregivers.
When a research team selected participants for a study of mother-infant play, they chose a socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse sample. By doing this, the researchers will increase their study's
a. viability b. reliability c. internal validity d. external validity